Hadoop 3.1.1 HDFS 集群部署

• 大数据

Hadoop 3.1.1 HDFS 集群部署

  • 依赖服务
  • 系统优化
  • 查看 ZooKeeper 集群状态
  • 创建路径
  • 配置 /etc/profile
  • 配置 $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh
  • 配置 $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml
  • 创建 DataNode 黑名单文件
  • 配置 $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml
  • 配置 $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/workers
  • 分发配置
  • 初始化 HDFS
    • 1. 初始化之前需提前启动所有的 JN
    • 2. 初始化 HDFS 命名空间，只需在 NN-Master 节点进行初始化
    • 3. 创建并初始化 ZK 路径
  • 启动 HDFS
    • 1. NameNode-Master
    • 2. NameNode-Backup
    • 3. NameNode-Master
  • 验证 HDFS 状态
  • 常用操作

依赖服务

  • JDK 1.8.0_133
  • ZooKeeper 3.5.5：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42598916/article/details/135726572?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502

系统优化

  • 每个节点都需进行如下优化
# 按需求更改主机名
hostname hadoop1

# 关闭 SELinux
# 将 SELINUX 值更改为 disabled
vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

# 需要重启后才可生效
# 查看 SELinux 状态
getenforce

# 关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld && systemctl status firewalld

# 安装 Chrony 服务
yum install chrony -y

# 配置 Chrony 服务
# 注释默认的 NTP 服务地址
# 配置所需的 NTP 服务地址
vi /etc/chonry.conf
server hadoop1 iburst

# 重启 Chrony 服务并配置开机自启
systemctl enable chronyd --now

# 查看 Chrony 服务状态
chronyc sources -v
210 Number of sources = 1
.-- Source mode  '^' = server, '=' = peer, '#' = local clock.
/ .- Source state '*' = current synced, '+' = combined , '-' = not combined,
| /   '?' = unreachable, 'x' = time may be in error, '~' = time too variable.
||                                                 .- xxxx [ yyyy ] +/- zzzz
||      Reachability register (octal) -.           |  xxxx = adjusted offset,
||      Log2(Polling interval) --.      |          |  yyyy = measured offset,
||                                \     |          |  zzzz = estimated error.
||                                 |    |       
MS Name/IP address         Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample
====================================================================================================================
^* hadoop1                        4   6   377    12    -28us[  -45us] +/-   75ms

# 配置免密登录
# 所有节点生成 id_rsa.pub
ssh-keygen -t rsa

# 将每个节点的 id_rsa.pub 信息，分别放入所有节点的 authorized_keys 文件内
cat id_rsa.pub >> hadoop1:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
cat id_rsa.pub >> hadoop2:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
cat id_rsa.pub >> hadoop3:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys

# 最终效果
cat /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
# redis-nodes
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDwuKw9LdfDO3Ln+ViNtQEqZtH/RvoFymKkexBXRUK/2XcczKHPv967KHH71L/5vPOQPUXZLZg3TPERlRTIW9MvCh0LmceGAiQHrxczx56RnYh8nESknd2jbHBToGwqgoB8xsB2IQuhze0CqvRs7A0nrbyBvnUpg/DvePTOSSgii4z9kishBCbrCPamQm20drXVDK3gQ9Q+/YJLKa3+mxzI67xfk/jby0A0DD9XKL7fflRgMK0GXEtYsJ04tKc5Bo+w6Zc8gHyryFrKD4wpeoPakqmrdzaTVYI1x5WvrAPrQplxAP8iNfBqRJSHvlDBXVeXgSxz2I4HBshsStkKp root@redis1
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDkspWeTwWoWyr6biMnefOYT4kh+7gPAboHAWe7p67IR9pfu+Rkk/vxLFDbi7X6Td9AhIXEZH6fY5BhihBzhRO/VtjE24QqnXdOLDHV1i0rSEYh6GOAbnVl/93lKidQF/2wvnQET31m1iwls3ul6aWw8/pOcxWy6kB+6MRiOExhu+0erE3jBFLcl+e0IJLKp/nLjCof/qWh3hLGVyhgMn/WmGhf7OyUbedXFqAwwS83/M60jSL1nB1lnIOoHrNSdnrN/GJVXmmwJjJAG4g4hbAg2zNind2rz6p4mq5k7iBbDUFghFwKKYsGeV0Onm7SKErFlHCJNFSOgfVNpaUYJ root@redis2
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQC+DGKAYw3tbdmv2GDsz3HEOdoKk8JVCEvDFczap2g3DoaqwEBkRag2l9IQ3RZL/WtpKe0f2vZzcm5t3d7e6YhyfEXRn1fjOmynTcykB13xAVrlRfJ6Sayur0OiPzWBktpNj8qaTKjwH+lyHGBwa5duqKiVEglEH2mX5grcOa/mH2Mo+IWsCYeCldKjfdBy2drlAim1fYvJwvtg0uDe8sfDUdDonG4phNOVaWB2u79SxKlGnGewGNuOrifIzkbc0mH9kNgrlw/xdSIqaFA738Yn/4n/kSe3BgceJ0wBowLzorgW2ogyGOdQp6MzBRlg/hxn4EDLJisrC9mSCMOOl root@redis3

# hadoop-nodes
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCvWawSJqu4/Adnu6TjvV8rVDAqTU2CGNaSBOTDjcytHHOaY8UiwUMKvXUJugBmRkyhtWhQPHrVSmOH6+qMnHk5XQcWBmce8qCQqDoz49WwyZH95ciY/ynKR9dzAJwXN5fvJEoKxBhSJLk27SDsgRUX05IAjTN5Wx05GCNC36CRGHr6bwsC5iK+nv1ZllkRPyqoICJcvVVoJFDe+svNwLJS8bEpTUS/3C6w1RdfEgGVK0/NLnmANz6VIu5LAZqOpwFcB8Zed3wgnoHUfDCSXLEUQbcgRxDvba7lcvOqbiNh4Tr6WctSHw0UD9PSK6AXdS0jAAyjZ1J5kbWaI+vmZ root@hadoop1
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQCwCqgQWDgw7sSqNer1oONzsFhoCWBmLqdWOQCcC7RYhD6kiVzdAEP7qZwWKRwoe/E++xP0+slgxsIsXGVoObGrlT3n+g/2xsgTCaBT/6sGV7k28UOozh76GlyfJjzavbwWE9Q2yR2mkb3/ILGE6CUNCkqqLuYEDTG4DxNupGhsGSYChAcjclzYFrMxDARiOJ8cahDjVlmGzFWxNhzJ36pFC1Rdyeu4CrtZ8tkuqQagGZqB63bVmvTiOM2fY8Wp8TNv0Zz2XmFmv7IUhpDXlPZdFCviwLYLLoJ9LTG32rO/jY0U78LFdDpsYdebthztNakKMZEhCqVIR+k1VMPtp root@hadoop2
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDHmj5qT64jSc3LCR2EBKB+12C1XxhFlc44X8zdf3mL8gbepG+ndMgBV4eombLg7QjZshCsjhk9d8esofAlrPk5tX/nWWHg3p5jYTh5/6V+iU7VDpWmMVN/87dsjBbmM9P6jTNiwqk4rdSXDKXkmrVygGHnEj95eP35Nq1JKg+GS7RjWWB0+loGQ4eYKO1nj2nYNOlNBi28CKh1uMWf42bDtcfKP3Z4gEOtPBD5rVPiU2Tq6jgtAs/VvaYGv5FHO4MB0lBE1ik8zp/4trfGU5hie/1PzCRAIvsqPEBSzeUs9nhHODj6vZYwgQupK9Qv5jEbQgh6pCGEfFZlfsC03 root@hadoop3

# 配置 OracleJDK
# 下载 Oracle JDK 并存放至指定路径内
# 配置 /etc/profile 文件
cat > /etc/profile < /etc/hosts <> /etc/sysctl.conf

# 刷新配置
sysctl -p

# 配置 transparent_hugepage
# 临时生效
echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled && echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag

# 永久生效
echo "echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled" >> /etc/rc.local && echo "echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag" >> /etc/rc.local

# 配置 最大连接数
# CentOS6 的文件名为 90-nproc.conf
# CentOS7 的文件名为 20-nproc.conf
vi /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf
* - nofile 655350
* - nproc 655350

查看 ZooKeeper 集群状态

$ZK_HOME/bin/zkCli.sh -server hadoop1:2181,hadoop2:2181,hadoop3:2181
[zk: hadoop1:2181,hadoop2:2181,hadoop3:2181(CONNECTED) 0] ls /
[admin, brokers, cluster, config, consumers, controller, controller_epoch, hadoop-ha, hbase, isr_change_notification, latest_producer_id_block, log_dir_event_notification, rmstore, spark, yarn-leader-election, zookeeper]

创建路径

  • 每个节点都需创建如下路径
mkdir -p /data/service/hadoop/{hadoop_logs,hadoop_pid,hadoop_tmp,hdfs_nn1,hdfs_nn2,hdfs_dn1,hdfs_dn2,hdfs_dn3}

配置 /etc/profile

  • 每个节点都需配置如下环境变量
  • 以便于后续启停及使用 HDFS 相关脚本和命令
# Hadoop 3.1.1
export HADOOP_HOME=/data/service/hadoop/hadoop-3.1.1
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_HOME/bin:$HADOOP_HOME/sbin:$HADOOP_HOME/lib

配置 $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh

export JAVA_HOME="/data/service/jdk/jdk1.8.0_333"
export HADOOP_HOME="/data/service/hadoop/hadoop-3.1.1"
export HADOOP_CONF_DIR="/data/service/hadoop/hadoop-3.1.1/etc/hadoop"
export HADOOP_LOG_DIR="/data/service/hadoop/hadoop_logs"
export HADOOP_PID_DIR="/data/service/hadoop/hadoop_pid"
export HDFS_NAMENODE_OPTS="-Xms1024m -Xmx1024m -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=80 -XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled"
export HDFS_DATANODE_OPTS="-Xms512m -Xmx512m -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=80 -XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled"
export HDFS_ZKFC_OPTS="-Xms512m -Xmx512m -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=80 -XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled"
export HDFS_JOURNALNODE_OPTS="-Xms512m -Xmx512m -XX:+UseParNewGC -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC -XX:CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction=80 -XX:+CMSParallelRemarkEnabled"
export HDFS_NAMENODE_USER=root
export HDFS_DATANODE_USER=root
export HDFS_ZKFC_USER=root
export HDFS_JOURNALNODE_USER=root

配置 $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml

  
    fs.defaultFS
    hdfs://hdfscluster
    指定默认 HDFS 名称
  
  
    hadoop.tmp.dir
    /data/service/hadoop/hadoop_tmp
    指定 HDFS 临时文件存放路径
  
  
    hadoop.http.staticuser.user
    root
    指定 HDFS Web UI 操作 HDFS 的用户
  
  
    ha.zookeeper.quorum
    hadoop1:2181,hadoop2:2181,hadoop3:2181
    指定 ZooKeeper 地址
  
  
    fs.trash.interval
    1440
    指定垃圾桶内数据保留时间。默认为 0，即关闭。单位为分钟

创建 DataNode 黑名单文件

touch $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-exclude.txt

配置 $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml

  
    dfs.namenode.name.dir
    
      /data/service/hadoop/hdfs_nn1
      /data/service/hadoop/hdfs_nn2
    
    指定 NameNode 元数据存放路径
  
  
    dfs.hosts.exclude
    /data/service/hadoop/hadoop-3.1.1/etc/hadoop/hdfs-exclude.txt
    DataNode 黑名单文件路径
  
  
    dfs.datanode.du.reserved
    1024
    指定每块磁盘的保留空间。单位为字节。默认为 0
  
  
    dfs.data.dir
    
      /data/service/hadoop/hdfs_dn1
      /data/service/hadoop/hdfs_dn2
      /data/service/hadoop/hdfs_dn3
    
    指定 DataNode 数据存放路径
  
  
    dfs.datanode.failed.volumes.tolerated
    1
    指定 DataNode 最多能够故障多少块磁盘
  
  
    dfs.replication
    2
    指定数据副本数。默认值为 3
  
  
    dfs.nameservices
    hdfscluster
    指定 HDFS 名字，需与 core-site.xml 中一致。后续配置也与此相同
  
  
    dfs.namenode.acls.enabled
    true
    开启 ACL 权限管理功能
  
  
    dfs.disk.balancer.enabled
    true
    开启磁盘负载均衡功能
  

  
    dfs.ha.namenodes.hdfscluster
    nn1,nn2,nn3
    指定 NameNode ID
  
  
    dfs.namenode.rpc-address.hdfscluster.nn1
    hadoop1:8020
    指定 nn1 的 RPC 地址
  
  
    dfs.namenode.rpc-address.hdfscluster.nn2
    hadoop2:8020
    指定 nn2 的 RPC 地址
  
  
    dfs.namenode.rpc-address.hdfscluster.nn3
    hadoop3:8020
    指定 nn3 的 RPC 地址
  
  
    dfs.namenode.http-address.hdfscluster.nn1
    hadoop1:9870
    指定 nn1 的访问地址
  
  
    dfs.namenode.http-address.hdfscluster.nn2
    hadoop2:9870
    指定 nn2 的访问地址
  
  
    dfs.namenode.http-address.hdfscluster.nn3
    hadoop3:9870
    指定 nn3 的访问地址
  
  
    dfs.namenode.shared.edits.dir
    qjournal://redis1:8485;redis2:8485;redis3:8485/hdfscluster
    指定 JournalNode 同步 NameNode 元数据的存放路径
  
  
    dfs.client.failover.proxy.provider.hdfscluster
    org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.ha.ConfiguredFailoverProxyProvider
    指定高可用方案，失败后自动切换的方式
  
  
    dfs.ha.fencing.methods
    shell(/bin/true)
    指定 ssh 方案
  
  
    dfs.ha.fencing.ssh.private-key-files
    /root/.ssh/id_rsa
    指定 ssh key 路径
  
  
    dfs.journalnode.edits.dir
    /data/service/hadoop/hdfs_jn
    指定 JournalNode 数据存放路径
  
  
    dfs.ha.automatic-failover.enabled
    true
    开启自动故障转移。但开启后，手动故障转移将失效
  

  
    dfs.namenode.handler.count
    21
    NameNode 的服务器线程的数量。计算公式：20 * log2(集群节点数)
  
  
    dfs.namenode.handler.count
    21
    NameNode 用于服务调用的服务器线程数量。计算公式：20 * log2(集群节点数)
  
  
    dfs.datanode.handler.count
    21
    DataNode 服务器线程数。计算公式：python -c 'import math ; print int(math.log(N) * 20)'
  
  
    dfs.datanode.max.transfer.threads
    8192
    指定在 DataNode 内外传输数据使用的最大线程数。默认值为4096

配置 $HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/workers

hadoop1
hadoop2
hadoop3

分发配置

  • 将 /data/service/hadoop 分发至所有节点

初始化 HDFS

1. 初始化之前需提前启动所有的 JN

hdfs --daemon start journalnode

2. 初始化 HDFS 命名空间，只需在 NN-Master 节点进行初始化

hdfs namenode -format hadoop1

3. 创建并初始化 ZK 路径

hdfs zkfc -formatZK

启动 HDFS

1. NameNode-Master

hdfs --daemon start namenode

2. NameNode-Backup

hdfs namenode -bootstrapStandby

3. NameNode-Master

$HADOOP_HOME/sbin/start-dfs.sh

验证 HDFS 状态

  • HDFS Web UI：10.10.10.131:9870
  • HDFS Web UI：10.10.10.132:9870
  • HDFS Web UI：10.10.10.133:9870
  • 命令行查看
hdfs haadmin -getServiceState nn1
Active

hdfs haadmin -getServiceState nn2
Standby

hdfs haadmin -getServiceState nn3
Standby

hdfs dfsadmin -report
Configured Capacity: 454060661760 (422.88 GB)
Present Capacity: 422851436544 (393.81 GB)
DFS Remaining: 422851325952 (393.81 GB)
DFS Used: 110592 (108 KB)
DFS Used%: 0.00%
Replicated Blocks:
  Under replicated blocks: 0
  Blocks with corrupt replicas: 0
  Missing blocks: 0
  Missing blocks (with replication factor 1): 0
  Pending deletion blocks: 0
Erasure Coded Block Groups: 
  Low redundancy block groups: 0
  Block groups with corrupt internal blocks: 0
  Missing block groups: 0
  Pending deletion blocks: 0

-------------------------------------------------
Live datanodes (3):
Name: 10.10.10.131:9866 (hadoop1)
Hostname: hadoop1
Decommission Status : Normal
Configured Capacity: 151353553920 (140.96 GB)
DFS Used: 36864 (36 KB)
Non DFS Used: 10601001984 (9.87 GB)
DFS Remaining: 140752515072 (131.09 GB)
DFS Used%: 0.00%
DFS Remaining%: 93.00%
Configured Cache Capacity: 0 (0 B)
Cache Used: 0 (0 B)
Cache Remaining: 0 (0 B)
Cache Used%: 100.00%
Cache Remaining%: 0.00%
Xceivers: 1
Last contact: Wed Nov 16 14:05:29 CST 2022
Last Block Report: Wed Nov 16 10:26:13 CST 2022
Num of Blocks: 0

Name: 10.10.10.132:9866 (hadoop2)
Hostname: hadoop2
Decommission Status : Normal
Configured Capacity: 151353553920 (140.96 GB)
DFS Used: 36864 (36 KB)
Non DFS Used: 10296947712 (9.59 GB)
DFS Remaining: 141056569344 (131.37 GB)
DFS Used%: 0.00%
DFS Remaining%: 93.20%
Configured Cache Capacity: 0 (0 B)
Cache Used: 0 (0 B)
Cache Remaining: 0 (0 B)
Cache Used%: 100.00%
Cache Remaining%: 0.00%
Xceivers: 1
Last contact: Wed Nov 16 14:05:29 CST 2022
Last Block Report: Wed Nov 16 13:02:34 CST 2022
Num of Blocks: 0

Name: 10.10.10.133:9866 (hadoop3)
Hostname: hadoop3
Decommission Status : Normal
Configured Capacity: 151353553920 (140.96 GB)
DFS Used: 36864 (36 KB)
Non DFS Used: 10311275520 (9.60 GB)
DFS Remaining: 141042241536 (131.36 GB)
DFS Used%: 0.00%
DFS Remaining%: 93.19%
Configured Cache Capacity: 0 (0 B)
Cache Used: 0 (0 B)
Cache Remaining: 0 (0 B)
Cache Used%: 100.00%
Cache Remaining%: 0.00%
Xceivers: 1
Last contact: Wed Nov 16 14:05:29 CST 2022
Last Block Report: Wed Nov 16 10:53:26 CST 2022
Num of Blocks: 0

常用操作

# 获取指定参数的配置
hdfs getconf -confKey 

# 创建测试文件
echo 1 > test.log

# 创建测试目录
hdfs dfs -mkdir hdfs://hdfscluster/test/

# 上传文件
hdfs dfs -put hdfs://hdfscluster/test/test.log ./

# 下载文件
hdfs dfs -get hdfs://hdfscluster/test/test.log ./

# 删除文件
hdfs dfs -rm hdfs://hdfscluster/test/test.log

# 删除文件并跳过垃圾回收
hdfs dfs -rm –skipTrash hdfs://hdfscluster/test/test.log

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