Java生成Echarts表图的两种方案

最近被生成报告纠结了一个礼拜，生成word并不难，可以通过模版来实现，目前用得比较多的技术有，poi，freemarker等等工具，只需要自己写一个模版通过占位符的形式来替换里面的变量。这里生成word就不过多去介绍（后期出一篇文章）但是里面的图表就没有那么好去实现，要考虑到通过后台获取数据来生成图表。经过了一个礼拜的查阅资料找到了两种在后端实现方式，本篇以生成柱状图为例：

一 Jfreechart

简介

JFreeChart是JAVA平台上的一个开放的图表绘制类库。它完全使用JAVA语言编写，是为applications, applets, servlets 以及JSP等使用所设计。JFreeChart可生成饼图（pie charts）、柱状图（bar charts）、散点图（scatter plots）、时序图（time series）、甘特图（Gantt charts）等等多种图表，并且可以产生PNG和JPEG格式的输出，还可以与PDF和EXCEL关联。
导入依赖

		             jfreechart            jfreechart            1.0.0

简单demo

 /**     * 功能描述: 创建JFreeChart对象并设置样式     *     * @param categoryDataset 类别数据集     * @return org.jfree.chart.JFreeChart     * @author Jack_Liberty     * @date 2021-04-01 11:16     */    public static JFreeChart createChart(CategoryDataset categoryDataset) {        JFreeChart jfreechart = ChartFactory.createBarChart("Test", "", "", categoryDataset,                PlotOrientation.VERTICAL, false, false, false);        Font labelFont = new Font(Font.SANS_SERIF, Font.TRUETYPE_FONT, 15);//        Font labelFont1 = new Font(Font.SANS_SERIF, Font.TRUETYPE_FONT, 24);//         jfreechart.setTextAntiAlias(false);        jfreechart.setBackgroundPaint(Color.white);        // 获得图表区域对象        CategoryPlot plot = jfreechart.getCategoryPlot();        // 设置横虚线可见        plot.setRangeGridlinesVisible(true);        // 虚线色彩        plot.setRangeGridlinePaint(Color.gray);        // 数据轴精度        NumberAxis vn = (NumberAxis) plot.getRangeAxis();        DecimalFormat df = new DecimalFormat("#0.0");        // 数据轴数据标签的显示格式        vn.setNumberFormatOverride(df);        // x轴设置        CategoryAxis domainAxis = plot.getDomainAxis();        // 轴标题        domainAxis.setLabelFont(labelFont);        // 轴数值        domainAxis.setTickLabelFont(labelFont);        // X轴标题过长可设置倾斜度          domainAxis.setCategoryLabelPositions(CategoryLabelPositions.createUpRotationLabelPositions(Math.PI / 3.0));        // 横轴上的 Label        domainAxis.setMaximumCategoryLabelWidthRatio(6.00f);        // 是否完整显示        // 设置距离图片左端距离        domainAxis.setLowerMargin(0.0);        // 设置距离图片右端距离        domainAxis.setUpperMargin(0.0);        // 设置 columnKey 是否间隔显示        plot.setDomainAxis(domainAxis);        // 设置柱图背景色（注意，系统取色的时候要使用16位的模式来查看颜色编码，这样比较准确）        plot.setBackgroundPaint(new Color(255, 255, 255, 255));        // y轴设置        ValueAxis rangeAxis = plot.getRangeAxis();        rangeAxis.setLabelFont(labelFont);        rangeAxis.setTickLabelFont(labelFont);        // 设置最高的一个 Item 与图片顶端的距离        rangeAxis.setUpperMargin(0.15);        // 设置最低的一个 Item 与图片底端的距离        rangeAxis.setLowerMargin(0.15);        plot.setRangeAxis(rangeAxis);        // 解决中文乱码问题(关键)        TextTitle textTitle = jfreechart.getTitle();        textTitle.setFont(new Font("黑体", Font.PLAIN, 20));        domainAxis.setTickLabelFont(new Font("sans-serif", Font.PLAIN, 15));        domainAxis.setLabelFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 15));        vn.setTickLabelFont(new Font("sans-serif", Font.PLAIN, 15));        vn.setLabelFont(new Font("黑体", Font.PLAIN, 15));        // 使用自定义的渲染器        CustomRenderer renderer = new CustomRenderer();        ArrayList data = new ArrayList();        data.add(99D);        data.add(87D);        data.add(89D);        data.add(45D);        data.add(78D);        data.add(92D);        data.add(98D);        data.add(80D);        renderer.setScores(data);        // 设置柱子宽度        renderer.setMaximumBarWidth(0.1);        // 设置柱子高度        renderer.setMinimumBarLength(0.1);        // 设置柱子边框颜色        renderer.setBaseOutlinePaint(Color.BLACK);        // 设置柱子边框可见        renderer.setDrawBarOutline(true);        // 设置每个地区所包含的平行柱的之间距离        renderer.setItemMargin(1);        jfreechart.getRenderingHints().put(RenderingHints.KEY_TEXT_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_TEXT_ANTIALIAS_OFF);        // 显示每个柱的数值，并修改该数值的字体属性//          renderer.setIncludeBaseInRange(true);        renderer.setBaseItemLabelGenerator(new StandardCategoryItemLabelGenerator());        renderer.setBaseItemLabelsVisible(true);        plot.setRenderer(renderer);        // 设置柱的透明度        plot.setForegroundAlpha(1.0f);        // 背景色 透明度        plot.setBackgroundAlpha(0.5f);        return jfreechart;    }

   /**     * 功能描述: 创建CategoryDataset对象     *     * @return org.jfree.data.category.CategoryDataset     * @author Jack_Liberty     * @date 2021-04-01 16:20     */    public static CategoryDataset createDataset() {         double[][] data = new double[][]{{1,9,0,15,9,3,4}};        String[] rowKeys = {"1"};        String[] columnKeys = {"Test1","Test2","Test3","Test4","Test5","Test6","Test7"};        return DatasetUtilities.createCategoryDataset(rowKeys, columnKeys, data);    }

启动测试

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {        // 创建CategoryDataset对象        CategoryDataset dataset = createDataset();        // 根据Dataset 生成JFreeChart对象,并设置相应的样式        JFreeChart freeChart = createChart(dataset);        FileOutputStream out = null;        try {            out = new FileOutputStream("F:\\chart110605.png");            ChartUtilities.writeChartAsPNG(out, freeChart,                    800, 450);// 输出图表            System.out.println("图片运行成功");        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        } catch (IOException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        } finally {            try {                out.close();            } catch (final Exception ex) {                ex.printStackTrace();            }        }    }

生成图片展示

第一种方式到此为止，下面上第二种

Echarts插件

简介

Echarts在熟悉了解前端的一定不会感到陌生，ECharts是一款基于JavaScript的数据可视化图表库，提供直观，生动，可交互，可个性化定制的数据可视化图表。ECharts最初由百度团队开源，并于2018年初捐赠给Apache基金会，成为ASF孵化级项目。

Echarts官网链接： https://echarts.apache.org/zh/index.html

Echarts插件安装包

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/19399TOP_2i3GM-wR3Q71XA

提取码：kl66

解压后里面包含phantomjs-2.1.1-windows和echarts-convert.js，进入\echarts\phantomjs-2.1.1-windows\bin目录下通过cmd命令启动phantomjs D:\toos\echarts\saintlee-echartsconvert-master\echartsconvert\echarts-convert.js -s -p 6666

导入依赖

		 
            com.github.abel533
            Echarts
            3.0.0.6

直接上代码

这里是echarts-pojo模块（数据模型）

/** * demo
 *  * * @author : dkl * @date : 2023-05-12 14:11 **/@Datapublic class BarParam {    private Object[] barName;    private Object[] barValue;    private String legendName;}

/** * demo
 *  * * @author : dkl * @date : 2023-05-12 14:11 **/@Datapublic class BarData {    private String title;  //标题    private BarParam barParamList;    private Boolean isHorizontal;  //是否水平放置    //省略get/set方法，使用lombok插件@Data}

对GsonOption.java做一层封装，继承GsonOption 类

 * demo
 * 
 *
 * @author : dkl
 * @date : 2023-05-12 14:13
 **/
@Data
public class EnhancedOption extends GsonOption {
    private String filepath;

    private static boolean VIEW =false;
    private static String EXPORT_PATH  ="";


    /**
     * 输出到控制台
     */
    public void print() {
        GsonUtil.print(this);
    }

    /**
     * 输出到控制台
     */
    public void printPretty() {
        GsonUtil.printPretty(this);
    }

    /**
     * 在浏览器中查看
     */
    public void view() {
        if (!VIEW) {
            return;
        }
        if (this.filepath != null) {
            try {
                OptionUtil.browse(this.filepath);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                this.filepath = OptionUtil.browse(this);
            }
        } else {
            this.filepath = OptionUtil.browse(this);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 导出到指定文件名
     *
     * @param fileName
     * @return 返回html路径
     */
    public String exportToHtml(String fileName) {
        return exportToHtml(EXPORT_PATH, fileName);
    }
}

请求工具类

/**
 * demo
 * 
 *
 * @author : dkl
 * @date : 2023-05-12 14:02
 **/
@Slf4j
public class HttpUtil {


    /**
     * 发送post请求
     * @param url
     * @param params
     * @param charset
     * @return
     * @throws ClientProtocolException
     * @throws IOException
     */
    public static String post(String url, Map params, String charset)
            throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
        log.info("httpPostRequest url : " + url + "   paramMap : " + params);
        String responseEntity = "";

        // 创建CloseableHttpClient对象
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();

        // 创建post方式请求对象
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);

        // 生成请求参数
        List nameValuePairs = new ArrayList();
        if (params != null) {
            for (Map.Entry entry : params.entrySet()) {
                nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
            }
        }

        // 将参数添加到post请求中
        httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs, charset));

        // 发送请求，获取结果（同步阻塞）
        CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPost);

        // 获取响应实体
        HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
        if (entity != null) {
            // 按指定编码转换结果实体为String类型
            responseEntity = EntityUtils.toString(entity, charset);
        }

        // 释放资源
        EntityUtils.consume(entity);
        response.close();
        //System.out.println("responseEntity = " + responseEntity);

        return responseEntity;
    }

    public static String postUrl(String url, Map params, String charset) {
        String responseEntity = "";
        // 创建CloseableHttpClient对象
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        // 创建post方式请求对象
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        // 将参数添加到post请求中
        httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(JSONObject.toJSONString(params), charset));
        // 发送请求，获取结果（同步阻塞）
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
        try {
            response = client.execute(httpPost);
            // 获取响应实体
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            if (entity != null) {
                // 按指定编码转换结果实体为String类型
                responseEntity = EntityUtils.toString(entity, charset);
            }
            // 释放资源
            EntityUtils.consume(entity);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                response.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return responseEntity;
    }

    /**
     * post请求（用于请求json格式的参数）
     * @param url
     * @param params
     * @return
     */
    public static String doPost(String url, String params) throws Exception {

        log.info("httpPostRequest url : " + url + "   paramMap : " + params);

        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);// 创建httpPost
        httpPost.setHeader("Accept", "application/json");
        httpPost.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
        String charSet = "UTF-8";
        StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(params, charSet);
        //logger.info("entity = " + entity);
        httpPost.setEntity(entity);
        CloseableHttpResponse response = null;

        try {

            response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
            //logger.info("response = " + response);
            StatusLine status = response.getStatusLine();
            int state = status.getStatusCode();
            if (state == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
                HttpEntity responseEntity = response.getEntity();
                String jsonString = EntityUtils.toString(responseEntity);
                log.info("post请求响应结果：{}", jsonString);
                return jsonString;
            }
            else{
                log.error("请求返回:"+state+"("+url+")");
            }
        }
        finally {
            if (response != null) {
                try {
                    response.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    log.error(e.getMessage());
                }
            }
            try {
                httpclient.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                log.error(e.getMessage());
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * http发送POST请求
     *
     * @author J.M.C
     * @since 2019年1月16日
     * @param url 长连接URL
     * @param paramsJson 请求参数body
     * @return result 字符串
     */
    public static String doPostJson(String url, JSONObject paramsJson) {
        log.info("httpPostRequest url : " + url + "   paramMap : " + paramsJson);
        if(StringUtils.isBlank(url)){
            log.error("httpPostRequest url is null");
            return null;
        }
        String result = "";
        try {
            // 创建httpClient实例
            CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
            // 创建httpPost远程连接实例
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
            // 配置请求参数实例
            RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(10000)// 设置连接主机服务超时时间
                    .setConnectionRequestTimeout(10000)// 设置连接请求超时时间
                    .setSocketTimeout(30000)// 设置读取数据连接超时时间
                    .build();
            // 为httpPost实例设置配置
            httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
            // 设置请求头
            httpPost.addHeader("content-type", "application/json;charset=utf-8");
            // 封装post请求参数
            httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(paramsJson.toJSONString(), Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
            // httpClient对象执行post请求,并返回响应参数对象
            //   HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            // 从响应对象中获取响应内容
            result = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity());
            //logger.info("result = {}" , result);
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            log.error("URLUtil.httpPostRequest encounters an UnsupportedEncodingException : {}",e);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("URLUtil.httpPostRequest encounters an IOException : {}",e);
        }
        log.info("URLUtil.httpPostRequest -----result----: " + result);
        return result;
    }
}
**文件工具类**

/**
 * demo
 * 
 *
 * @author : dkl
 * @date : 2023-05-12 15:31
 **/
public class FileUtil {
    public static File generateImage(String base64, String path) throws IOException {
        BASE64Decoder decoder = new BASE64Decoder();
        File file = new File(path);
        String fileName = file.getName();
        System.out.println("file = " + file);
        //创建临时文件
        //File tempFile = File.createTempFile(fileName, ".png");
        //FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(tempFile);*/

        try (OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(path)){
            // 解密
            byte[] b = decoder.decodeBuffer(base64);
            for (int i = 0; i < b.length; ++i) {
                if (b[i] < 0) {
                    b[i] += 256;
                }
            }
            out.write(b);
            out.flush();
            return file;
        }
       /* finally {
            //关闭临时文件
            fos.flush();
            fos.close();
            try {
                Thread.sleep(10000);
                tempFile.deleteOnExit();//程序退出时删除临时文件
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }
        */

    }

    public static void deleteFile(File file) {
        //File file = new File();
        String fileName = file.getName();
        // 如果文件路径所对应的文件存在，并且是一个文件，则直接删除
        if (file.exists() && file.isFile()) {
            if (file.delete()) {
                System.out.println("删除单个文件" + fileName + "成功！");
            } else {
                System.out.println("删除单个文件" + fileName + "失败！");
            }
        } else {
            System.out.println("删除单个文件失败：" + fileName + "不存在！");
        }
    }

}

EchartsUtil.java：将option转化为图片编码base64

/**
 * demo
 * 
 *
 * @author : dkl
 * @date : 2023-05-12 14:07
 **/
public class EchartsUtil {
//    private static String url = "http://localhost:6666";

    private static final String SUCCESS_CODE = "1";

    public static String generateEchartsBase64(String option, String url) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
        String base64 = "";
        if (option == null) {
            return base64;
        }
        option = option.replaceAll("\\s+", "").replaceAll("\"", "'");

        // 将option字符串作为参数发送给echartsConvert服务器
        Map params = new HashMap();
        params.put("opt", option);
        String response = HttpUtil.post(url, params, "utf-8");

        // 解析echartsConvert响应
        JSONObject responseJson = JSONObject.parseObject(response);
        String code = responseJson.getString("code");

        // 如果echartsConvert正常返回
        if (SUCCESS_CODE.equals(code)) {
            base64 = responseJson.getString("data");
        }
        // 未正常返回
        else {
            String string = responseJson.getString("msg");
            throw new RuntimeException(string);
        }

        return base64;
    }
}

生成柱状图

 /**
     * 生成单柱状图
     * @param //isHorizontal 是否水平放置
     * @param //color  柱状图颜色，可以不设置，默认为红色
     * @param //title  柱状图标题
     * @param //xdatas  横轴数据
     * @param //ydatas  纵轴数据
     * @return
     */
    public static GsonOption createBar(BarData barData){
        String title = barData.getTitle();
        boolean isHorizontal = barData.getIsHorizontal();
        Object[] xdatas = barData.getBarParamList().getBarName();
        Object[] ydatas = barData.getBarParamList().getBarValue();
        String legendName = barData.getBarParamList().getLegendName();

        Bar bar = new Bar();  //图类别（柱状图）
        //title
        EnhancedOption option = new EnhancedOption();
        option.title(title);  //标题
        option.title().textStyle().fontSize(15).color("#000000").fontWeight("bolder");

        //工具栏 toolbox
        option.toolbox().show(true).feature(Tool.mark,  //辅助线
                Tool.dataView, //数据视图
                new MagicType(Magic.line, Magic.bar), //线图，柱状图切换
                Tool.restore, //还原
                Tool.saveAsImage   //保存图片
        );
        option.toolbox().show(true).feature();

        //tooltip
        option.tooltip().show(true).formatter("{a}
{b} : {c}");  //显示工具提示，设置提示格式

        //legend
        Legend legend = new Legend();
        TextStyle textStyle = new TextStyle();
        textStyle.color("red");
        textStyle.fontSize(10);
        textStyle.fontWeight("bolder");
        legend.setData(Collections.singletonList(legendName));
        legend.setTextStyle(textStyle);
//        legend.setBorderWidth(100);
        option.setLegend(legend);  //图例

        //axisLabel
        AxisLabel axisLabel = new AxisLabel();
        TextStyle textStyle1 = new TextStyle();
        textStyle1.fontSize(10);
        textStyle1.fontWeight("bolder");
        axisLabel.show(true);
        axisLabel.textStyle(textStyle1);
        axisLabel.setRotate(40);
        axisLabel.setInterval(0);

        //axisLine
        AxisLine axisLine = new AxisLine();
        LineStyle lineStyle = new LineStyle();
        lineStyle.color("#000000");
        lineStyle.width(4);
        axisLine.lineStyle(lineStyle);


        //xAxis
        CategoryAxis category = new CategoryAxis();// 轴分类
        category.data(xdatas);// 轴数据类别
        category.axisLabel(axisLabel);  // x轴文字样式
        category.axisLine(axisLine);  //x轴样式



        //yAxis
        ValueAxis valueAxis = new ValueAxis();
        valueAxis.setName("次数");
        valueAxis.axisLabel().show(true).textStyle().fontSize(15).fontWeight("bolder");  //y轴文字样式
        valueAxis.axisLine().lineStyle().color("#315070").width(4);  //y轴样式

        //series
        bar.name(legendName);

        Normal normal = new Normal();
        normal.setShow(true);
        if(barData.getIsHorizontal() == false){
            normal.position(Position.inside);
        }else {
            normal.position(Position.top);
        }
        normal.color("green");
        normal.textStyle().color("red").fontSize(15).fontWeight("bolder");
        bar.setBarWidth("70");  //柱条宽度
//        bar.setBarMaxWidth(100);  //柱条最大宽度
        //bar.setBarMinHeight(10);  //柱条最小高度
        bar.label().normal(normal);

        //循环数据
        for(int i = 0;i < xdatas.length;i++){
            int data = (int) ydatas[i];
            String color = "rgb(251,153,2)";
            //类目对应的柱状图
            Map map = new HashMap(2);
            map.put("value", data);

            map.put("itemStyle", new ItemStyle().normal(new Normal().color(color)));

            bar.data(map);
        }
        if(isHorizontal){  //横轴为类别，纵轴为值
            option.xAxis(category);  //x轴
            option.yAxis(valueAxis);  //y轴
        }else {  //横轴为值，纵轴为类别
            option.xAxis(valueAxis);  //x轴
            option.yAxis(category);  //y轴
        }

        option.series(bar);

        return option;
    }

启动测试

/**
 * demo
 * 
 *  * @author : dkl
 * @date : 2023-05-12 14:09
 **/
@Slf4j
public class EchartBar {
    private static   String  requestUrl= "http://127.0.0.1:6666";
    private static   String  imgUrl= "F:/";
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BarData barData = new BarData();
        barData.setTitle("Test");
        barData.setIsHorizontal(true);
        BarParam barParam = new BarParam();
        String[] columnKeys = {"Test1","Test2","Test3","Test4","Test5","Test6","Test7"};
        barParam.setBarName(columnKeys);
        Object[] data ={1,9,0,15,9,3,4};
        barParam.setBarValue(data);
        barData.setBarParamList(barParam);

        GsonOption option = createBar(barData);
        String optionStr = JSONObject.toJSONString(option);
        log.error(optionStr);

        if(optionStr == null || "".equals(optionStr)){
            return;
        }
        try {
            String base64 =  EchartsUtil.generateEchartsBase64(optionStr, requestUrl);
            log.info("base64：" + base64);
            long nowStr = Calendar.getInstance().getTimeInMillis();
            //图片名
            String imageName =  JDate.getDuanshijian(new JDate(),"yyyy-MM-dd_HH_mm_ss") +".png";
            log.info("bar图片：" + imageName);
            File oldfile = FileUtil.generateImage(base64, imgUrl+imageName);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }