JAVA运行时类存在,但是报错:NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class

我们在部署代码时,明明类存在,但是发现报错:NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class。

这类问题是由静态成员或静态初始化语句块引起。

我们先看下面个类:

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

/**
 * 测试代码
 */
public class Test {
    private static String msg = getMsg();

    private static String getMsg() {
        try {
            logger.info("getMsg方法输出info日志信息");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("getMsg方法输出error日志信息", e);
        }
        return "Hello World";
    }

    private static Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(Test.class);

    public void print() {
        logger.info("print方法输出info信息");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Test test = new Test();
        test.print();
    }
}

执行结果:

java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError
Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException
	at Test.getMsg(Test.java:15)
	at Test.(Test.java:9)
Exception in thread "main" 

分析其中的原因:我们通过debug模式调试,可以看到logger=null。

debug调试结果

结论:成员变量的初始化顺序导致logger获取失败。

接下来我们做一下验证,调整代码如下:

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;

/**
 * 测试代码
 */
public class Test {
    private static Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(Test.class);
    private static String msg = getMsg();

    private static String getMsg() {
        try {
            logger.info("getMsg方法输出info日志信息");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("getMsg方法输出error日志信息", e);
        }
        return "Hello World";
    }


    public void print() {
        logger.info("print方法输出info信息");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Test test = new Test();
        test.print();
    }
}

执行结果:

SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/D:/Maven/ch/qos/logback/logback-classic/1.2.3/logback-classic-1.2.3.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/D:/Maven/org/slf4j/slf4j-log4j12/1.7.30/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.30.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [ch.qos.logback.classic.util.ContextSelectorStaticBinder]
14:26:29.076 [main] INFO Test - getMsg方法输出info日志信息
14:26:29.079 [main] INFO Test - print方法输出info信息

可以看到正确输出结果。

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